Yemen officially declared its independence from the British in November 1967 after a long and difficult struggle. The British had initially signed a treaty with the Imam of Yemen in 1934, which granted them control over certain parts of the country, including Aden. This agreement was heavily protested by many Yemeni citizens, who saw it as an infringement of their sovereignty. In 1962, a nationalist movement led by Imam Ahmad began to gain traction and demand independence from Britain. This movement was met with strong opposition from the British government, which responded with military force. However, this only further galvanized the Yemeni people into action and they formed a unified front against British rule. In 1965, the Imam declared an independent Yemen and the British were forced to comply. After two years of negotiations and many concessions on both sides, Yemen officially declared its independence on November 30th 1967. This marked a new era for Yemen as it became an independent nation for the first time since 1934.
Political Systems in Yemen
According to thesciencetutor, Yemen is a republic with a presidential system of government. The president is the head of state and is elected to a single seven-year term by popular vote. The president appoints the prime minister who, in turn, selects the cabinet. The legislative branch consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Shura Council. The House of Representatives has 301 members elected for four-year terms in single-member constituencies. The Shura Council has 111 members, appointed by the president for six-year terms.
The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, with branches in each governorate. Judges are appointed by the president and approved by the House of Representatives and can serve until retirement age at 65 years old. In addition to civil courts, Yemen also has religious courts that handle matters such as marriage, divorce and inheritance according to Sharia law. There are also tribal courts that settle disputes between tribes or between individuals within a tribe according to tribal customs and traditions which are often based on Sharia law as well. Local government consists of 21 governorates led by governors appointed by the president who oversee matters such as local security and economic development initiatives in their respective areas.
Judiciary System in Yemen
According to topb2bwebsites, the judiciary system in Yemen is based on a civil law system, which is derived from Ottoman and French legal codes. The primary source of law is the Constitution of Yemen, which was adopted in 1991. This document guarantees the right to a fair trial and establishes an independent judiciary. The court system in Yemen consists of the Supreme Court, the Supreme Constitutional Court, Courts of Appeal, Courts of First Instance and Local Courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and serves as a court of appeals for all other courts. It also has jurisdiction over all constitutional matters and any disputes between government branches. The Supreme Constitutional Court serves as a constitutional court, hearing cases involving constitutional issues or conflicts between laws enacted by different branches of government. The Courts of Appeal are divided into seven circuits throughout Yemen and serve as appellate courts for decisions issued by lower courts. Courts of First Instance are located throughout Yemen’s governorates and handle criminal cases as well as civil cases involving monetary damages up to 100,000 Yemeni Riyals (approximately $400 USD). Lastly, Local Courts are located in each district and handle civil disputes that do not involve monetary damages or criminal cases that do not exceed three months imprisonment or fines up to 1,000 Yemeni Riyals (approximately $4 USD).
Social Conditions in Yemen
Yemen is a country in the Middle East that has experienced extreme social and economic deprivation for many years. The population of Yemen is estimated to be 28 million, with more than half living in poverty. The country has suffered from a lack of investment in its infrastructure, leading to poor access to basic services such as health care, education, and sanitation. This lack of investment has also led to high levels of unemployment among the population. In addition, Yemen has been affected by an ongoing civil war since 2015 which has further exacerbated the social conditions of the country. This conflict has caused displacement of millions of people and a breakdown in security across much of the country. As a result, many individuals have been forced to flee their homes and are now living in overcrowded refugee camps or on the streets without access to basic services such as food and water. The displacement crisis is further compounded by a lack of access to medical care due to widespread shortages of medical personnel, supplies, and equipment. Furthermore, due to extreme poverty levels, many Yemenis are unable to afford even basic necessities such as food or clothing. This situation is made worse by rising prices due to inflation caused by the war which has led to an increase in poverty levels amongst Yemenis living both inside and outside refugee camps.
